Mount Kilimanjaro

The Roof of Africa

Key Facts

Highest Point
5,895 m / 19,341 ft (Uhuru Peak)
Location
Tanzania, East Africa
Coordinates
3°S 37°E
Type
Dormant stratovolcano

Volcanic Cones

Kibo

5,895 m (19,341 ft)

The highest and youngest cone, featuring the iconic Uhuru Peak and remaining glaciers. Kibo contains the main crater with its famous ash pit.

Mawenzi

5,149 m (16,893 ft)

The second-highest peak, characterized by rugged, jagged ridges and rocky spires. A technical climbing destination requiring rock climbing skills.

Shira

4,005 m (13,140 ft)

The oldest and most eroded cone, now a broad plateau. Shira represents the original volcano's western rim before collapse.

Ecological Zones

Cultivation Zone
800 - 1,800 m

Farmland and coffee plantations on the lower slopes, where local Chaga communities cultivate the fertile volcanic soil.

Rainforest Zone
1,800 - 2,800 m

Dense montane forest with high humidity, home to elephants, leopards, and diverse bird species. The forest receives significant rainfall.

Heath & Moorland
2,800 - 4,000 m

Giant groundsel and lobelia plants dominate this open landscape. Temperature fluctuations between day and night become extreme.

Alpine Desert
4,000 - 5,000 m

Barren landscape with minimal vegetation. Rocky terrain with dramatic temperature swings and low oxygen levels.

Arctic Summit
5,000 - 5,895 m

Glacial ice and rock with permanent snowfields. Extreme cold, high winds, and less than half the oxygen at sea level.

Climbing Routes

Marangu

The "Coca-Cola" route. Only path with hut accommodation. Gradual ascent, lower success rate.

Machame

The "Whiskey" route. Steeper, more scenic. Higher success rate due to better acclimatization.

Lemosho

Western approach. Long, scenic route with excellent acclimatization profile.

Shira

Western plateau approach. High starting altitude, challenging initial day.

Rongai

Northern approach from Kenya border. Drier climate, less crowded.

Northern Circuit

Longest route. Extended acclimatization, highest success rate.

Umbwe

Shortest, steepest route. For experienced climbers only. Rapid ascent profile.

Conservation

Kilimanjaro National Park protects the mountain's unique ecosystem and biodiversity.

Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, recognizing its outstanding natural value and ecological significance.